reading

September 20, 2024

A collection of interesting papers, mostly for myself to keep track.

Variational Quantum Eigensolver Review

big review

A variational eigenvalue solver on a quantum processor

(2013)

Best Quantum Compiling Problems

compressed quantum shannon decomposition to lowest CX count with lasso

Synthesis of Quantum Logic Circuits

proposed the Quantum Shannon Decomposition for arbitrary unitary matrix
referenced this paper and other implementing unitaryGate for MATLAB
had some puzzles about the additional optimizations, emailed Shende and he got back!

Approximate Quantum Compiler

Optimization of Quantum Circuit Mapping

Elementary Gates for Quantum Computation

certified classic (1995)
designed several functions from this

Variational Quantum Factoring

Quantum Tensor Networks in a Nutshell

Tensor Networks for Complex Systems

Optimal Qubit Assignment and Routing via Integer Programming (Qiskit)

so ironic qubit mapping is already NP-complete

CS 269Q Lecture Notes

Graph-Coupled Oscillator Networks

How the Kuromoto/Adler equations fit into this framework?

Graph Neural Diffusion

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm

the QAOA paper (2014)

Gradients of Parameterized Quantum Gates Using the Parameter-Shift Rule

Gavin E. Crooks (2019)

Variational Quantum Algorithms

Quantum Natural Gradients

algorithm is for computing a block-diagonal approximation to Fubini-Study metric tensor for parametrized quantum circuits

Quantum Natural Gradient Demo (Pennylane)

Quantum Natural Language Generation on Near-Term Devices

On the Natural Gradient for Variational Quantum Eigensolver

The Power of Quantum Neural Networks

Liquid Time-Constant Networks

Closed-Form Continuous-Time Neural Networks

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Seminal)

Grover Adaptive Search for Constrained Polynomial Binary Optimization

Optimized Compilation of Aggregated Instructions for Realistic Quantum Computers

Resource-Efficient Quantum Algorithms for Protein Folding

Resource-Efficient Quantum Algorithms for Protein Folding (Sup. Mat.)

Gate-Free State Preparation for Fast Variational Quantum Eigensolver Simulations

GRAPE: Design of NMR Pulse Sequences by Gradient Ascent Algorithms

Construction of Energy Functions for Lattice Heteropolymer Models: A Case Study in Constraint Satisfaction Programming and Adiabatic Quantum Optimization

Solving Quantum Chemistry Problems with a D-Wave Quantum Annealer

t|ket⟩: A Retargetable Compiler for NISQ Devices

Structured Cospans

Approximate Quantum Compiling for Quantum Simulation: A Tensor Network-Based Approach

Mathematical Game Theory

Foundational Patterns for Efficient Quantum Computing

Thermodynamic AI and the Fluctuation Frontier

another classic. This one got me into probabilistic bits.

Thermodynamic Linear Algebra

Compiling machine learning programs via high-level tracing

Thermodynamic Matrix Exponentials and Thermodynamic Parallelism

Invariance and equivariance in brains and machines

really interesting. I got quite distracted for a week or so reading out this and bought an EEG board.

Disentangling images with Lie group transformations and sparse coding

Principles of Neural Design

Analog Memory and High-Dimensional Computation

Neuromorphic Visual Scene Understanding with Resonator Networks

Hippocampal memory, cognition, and the role of sleep

Computing with Residue Numbers in High-Dimensional Representation

curious about residue numbers in quantum. This or another paper had application for subset sum, but I can’t remember

Visual scene analysis via factorization of HD vectors

Classically Estimating Observables of Noiseless Quantum Circuits

Classical Surrogate Simulation of Quantum Systems with LOWESA

Network Thermodynamics

Tensorized Pauli decomposition algorithm

PauliComposer: Compute Tensor Products of Pauli Matrices Efficiently

Decomposing dense matrices into dense Pauli tensors

Towards large-scale quantum optimization solvers with few qubits

Variational quantum optimization with multibasis encodings

Statistical Physics of Self-Replication

Transmit LoRa Frames Without a Radio)

Decomposition Pipeline for Large-Scale Portfolio Optimization with Applications to Near-Term Quantum Computing

Building a simple oscillator based Ising machine for research and education

Geometric Deep Learning Grids, Groups, Graphs, Geodesics, and Gauges

FABLE: Fast Approximate Quantum Circuits for Block-Encodings

Braindrop: A Mixed-Signal Neuromorphic Architecture With a Dynamical Systems-Based Programming Model

Noise-injected analog Ising machines enable ultrafast statistical sampling and machine learning

feature enhancement for Zach’s DIMPLE project
discusses leveraging Ising-machine-based Boltzmann sampling
code available

Natural gradient and parameter estimation for quantum Boltzmann machines

The Purely Functional Software Deployment Model

Tensor Algebra on an Optoelectronic Microchip

Probabilistic Machine Learning: Advanced Topics

The story of PX4 and Pixhawk

Analog Paradigm

Running Markov Chain Monte Carlo on Modern Hardware and Software

Oscillator-based Ising Machine

Tianshi Wang and Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2017)

OIM: Oscillator-based Ising Machines for Solving Combinatorial Optimisation Problems

Tianshi Wang and Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2019)

Solving combinatorial optimisation problems using oscillator based Ising machines

Tianshi Wang and Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2021)

Deep Differentiable Logic Gate Networks

Convolutional Differentiable Logic Gate Networks

Thermodynamic Natural Gradient Descent

Thermodynamic Computing System for AI Applications

An Elementary Introduction to Kalman Filtering

The Hardware Lottery

Coupled-Oscillator Models: State-Space & Dynamics

State Space Approach to Solving RLC circuits

nice exercise

On the State Space Geometry of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky Flow in a Periodic Domain

Circuit Synthesis and Electrical Interpretation of Synchronization in the Kuramoto Model

wave digital model
no hardware experiments

Generative models of cortical oscillations: neurobiological implications of the Kuramoto model

A Survey of Spiking Neural Network Accelerator on FPGA

Lyapunov function for the Kuramoto model of nonlinearly coupled oscillators

original paper, 1993

Novel Computing Paradigms using Oscillators

one of my favorite papers

Solving combinatorial optimisation problems using oscillator based Ising machines

Use of the CMOS Unbuffered Inverter in Oscillator Circuits

Harmonic Oscillators in CMOS—A Tutorial Overview

IEEE (2021)
overview of noise models

Autonomous Probabilistic Coprocessing with Petaflips per Second

Purdue
clockless circuit represents asynchronous parallelism to realize Boltzmann Machines in hardware
no asymptotic guarantees for convergence
MATLAB MEX interface to AWS FPGA

Hardware-Aware In Situ Learning Based on Stochastic Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Roadmap for unconventional computing with nanotechnology

A Reliable and Efficient Procedure for Oscillator PPV Computation, With Phase Noise Macromodeling Applications

Jaijeet Roychowdhury

A Modern Primer on Processing in Memory

good reads

A Simplified Phase Model for Oscillator Based Computing

Analysis and design of sub-harmonically injection locked oscillators

Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2013?)

Synchronization in Complex Networks of Phase Oscillators: A Survey

Rigorous Q Factor Formulation and Characterization for Nonlinear Oscillators

Tianshi Wang and Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2017)

Methods for Computing Periodic Steady-State - Part II

Notes on Oscillators

An integrated coupled oscillator network to solve optimization problems

MATLAB
nice overview table
programmable all-to-all

Analyzing Oscillators using Describing Functions

Tianshi Wang (2017)
tf analysis of phase perturbation and locking
stability condition

Thermodynamic Algorithms for Quadratic Programming

A coherent Ising machine for 2000-node optimization problems

optical pumps
overview of experimental setup

Dependence of LC VCO Oscillation Frequency on Bias Current

Wu 2006
more notes on cross-coupled LC CMOS

Quantum computing of reacting flows via Hamiltonian simulation

Lu 2024

Digitally Synthesized Stochastic Flash ADC Using Only Standard Digital Cells

simple way to use digital gates to perform AD conversion, which usually requires analog components.

An Ising solver chip based on coupled ring oscillators with a 48-node all-to-all connected array architecture

(2023)
1.2V
integer weights
cross bar arrays

BarraCUDA: Bringing Electromagnetic Side Channel Into Play to Steal the Weights of Neural Networks from NVIDIA GPUs

Horvath 2023

Analog Coupled Oscillator Based Weighted Ising Machine

MIT Lincoln Lab, 2019
breadboard, 4 nodes fully connected with cross bar array of digital pots
no feedback
get phases from a moving window Fourier transform on time-domain amplitude
time-to-solution scales with the oscillator frequency
voltage amplitudes of each oscillator are shifted by 10 V to help distinguish

Provable bounds for noise-free expectation values computed from noisy samples

Talked to IBM about CVaR

A Rigorous Graphical Technique for Predicting Sub-harmonic Injection Locking in LC Oscillators

(2014)
MATLAB

Design Issues in CMOS Differential LC Oscillators

(1999)

Ising machines: Hardware solvers for combinatorial optimization problems

(2022)

Experimental investigation of performance differences between Co- herent Ising Machines and a quantum annealer

(2019)

Equivalence of coupled parametric oscillator dynamics to Lagrange multiplier primal-dual optimization

MIT, Sandia National Labs, UC Berkeley (2022)
MATLAB, nice appendix with derivations and plots
area consumption of all-to-all scales O(N^2), time-to-solution scales as O(2^√N)

A unifying framework for mean-field theories of asymmetric kinetic Ising systems

(2021)

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the asymmetric Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model

(2023)

Late Breaking Results: New Computational Results and Hardware Prototypes for Oscillator-based Ising Machines

Tianshi Wang and Jaijeet Roychowdhury (2019)
lots of overlap with other papers but I got more clues

QCLAB++: Simulating Quantum Circuits on GPUs

bitshift masks for state vector simulation
ran some benchmarking

Explicit Quantum Circuits for Block Encodings of Certain Sparse Matrices

O(poly(n)) elementary quantum gates for n qubits

FABLE: Fast Approximate Quantum Circuits for Block-Encodings

some of the quantum gates in MATLAB have this feature
curious about how this proof applies to unitaryGate

An algebraic quantum circuit compression algorithm for Hamiltonian simulation

QASMTrans: A QASM based Quantum Transpiler Framework for NISQ Devices

integrated this with MATLAB
SABRE with a modified lookahead heuristic
t|ket> would be better but has complicated license

Stability and decay of Bloch oscillations in presence of time-dependent nonlinearity

Recent Advances in Coupled Oscillator Theory

Ermentrout 2020

Creating electronic oscillator-based Ising machines without external injection locking

engineered feedback to generate two decay time constants which effectively generates 2nd harmonic internally; implemented using P-MOS (ALD1107)
used opamp based Schmitt trigger (LM741) stabilized with negative feedback
coupled using discrete capacitors
8V

Oscillator-based optimization: design, emulation, and implementation

Beattie 2024
20 oscillators on large PCB coupled with resistors on separate breadboard
parallel algo for MATLAB wave digital simulation
details on technical implementation

An Ising Hamiltonian solver based on coupled stochastic phase-transition nano-oscillators

A. Raychowdhury and Datta (2021)
8 fully-connected node prototype, cross-bar arrays
comparison table
MATLAB
2.56 mW

CMOS-Compatible Ising Machines built using Bistable Latches Coupled through Ferroelectric Transistor Arrays

Mallick 2022
Uses SN74HC05 CMOS latches
MATLAB interface to SPICE

Spintronic devices as next-generation computation accelerators

Gonzalez 2024
Comparison table

Silicon microring resonators

Suggested by twitter mutual

On computational capabilities of Ising machines based on nonlinear oscillators

Erementchouk 2022
Kuramoto model that assumes oscillators have same period is the ferromagnetic XY model, which is rank-2 semidefinite programming problem (BZM)
- Kuramoto systems are identical to BZM so they converge to 0.87 of optimal in polynomial time
- Rounding problem requires correctly choosing phase direction. The anisotropic state can be destroyed by methods used to stabilize Kuramoto systems (like SHIL!)

Self-contained relaxation-based dynamical Ising machines

Erementchouk 2023
Proposes V2 model to solve Kuramoto rounding problem. No matter which spin orientation it will always be the optimal rounding.
Stochastic perturbations will converge to the optimal solution almost surely in superpolynomial time
DIMPLE fits this model

Custom CMOS Ising Machine Based on Relaxed Burer-Monteiro-Zhang Heuristic

Shukla and Erementchouk 2023
Instead of forcing close-to-binary states, focus on computational capability of the dynamical model driving the machine

Ising machines as hardware solvers of combinatorial optimization problems

Mohseni and McMahon 2022
Comparison table

Augmenting an electronic Ising machine to effectively solve boolean satisfiability

Sharma 2023
Cross-bar arrays for cubic terms

100,000-spin coherent Ising machine

Honjo 2021
5km fiber optic cable

A moment-based approach to the dynamical solution of the Kuramoto model

Perez and Ritort 1997

Stability diagram for the forced Kuramoto model

Childs 2018

Quantum collective motion of macroscopic mechanical oscillators

Chegnizadeh 2024
First time for macroscopic mechanical oscillators to be put in quantum ground state (?)

All-to-all reconfigurability with sparse and higher-order Ising machines

Kerem Y. Camsari (2024)
adaptive parallel tempering algorithm

Electrical and Wave Digital Modeling of CMOS-Based Ring Oscillators

Beattie 2023

Deriving Dense Linear Algebra Libraries

Bientinesi
Triangular Lyapunov example in MATLAB

A Performance Study of the 2D Ising Model on GPUs

NVIDIA 2019
Code available

A mixed-signal oscillatory neural network for scalable analog computations in phase domain

Delacour 2023

Non-binary dynamical Ising machines for combinatorial optimization

Shukla and Erementchouk 2024
Explores whether continuous spins need to converge to binary values at all

Limits of CMOS and Prospects for Adiabatic/Reversible CMOS

Micheal Frank 2023
Vaire Computing

A 1,968-node coupled ring oscillator circuit for combinatorial optimization problem solving

Moy 2024

A Probabilistic Compute Fabric Based on Coupled Ring Oscillators for Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Ahmed 2021

Quantum Boltzmann machine learning of ground-state energies

Patel 2024

A Versatile & Adjustable 400 Node CMOS Oscillator Based Ising Machine to Investigate and Optimize the Internal Computing Principle

Graber 2022

A 1,968-node coupled ring oscillator circuit for combinatorial optimization problem solving

2022

Experimental investigation of the dynamics of coupled oscillators as Ising machines

2021

A Novel Oscillator Ising Machine Coupling Scheme for High-Quality Optimization

2024
Sampling coupler injects a current that depends on the phase diﬀerence between interacting oscillators. We prove analytically that using sampling couplers leads to idealized OIMs, abstracting away the waveforms and innate phase sensitivities of the oscillators.

Self-contained relaxation-based dynamical Ising machines